Topic Wise Previous Years' Questions

PYQs on Western Political Thinkers

Plato
  • Critically examine Plato’s theory of Forms. (2024/15)
  • “Plato was an enemy of the open society.” (Popper) Comment. (2015/20)
  • Explain the Aristotelian view of politics. To what extent do you think it has contributed to the development of modern-day constitutional democracies? (2021/20)
  • Explain Aristotle’s critique of Plato’s Idealism. (2019/20)
  • Everywhere, inequality is a cause of revolution-Aristotle. Comment. (2017/15)
  • Aristotle’s Conception of Equality (2015/10)
  • Central to Aristotle’s political thought is his classification of the different types of political constitutions in the Politics. Evaluate. (2014/15)
  • Machiavelli’s secularism (2020/10)
  • Critically examine Machiavelli’s views on religion and politics. (2018/15)
  • Explain how Machiavelli’s application of empirical method to human affairs mark an important stage in the evolution of political science. (2014/20)
  • State of Nature as State of War (Hobbes) (2023/10)
  • Individualism is inherent in Hobbes’ absolutist ideology. Comment. (2022/15)
  • Hobbesian notion of Political Obligation (2017/10)
  • “How would I and my fellow human beings behave if we were to find ourselves in a state of nature, and what does this behaviour tell us about our innate predispositions?” (Thomas Hobbes) (2016/10)
  • Covenants without swords and but words and have no strength to secure a men at all. (Hobbes). (2013/10)
  • Locke’s views on Revolution (2024/10)
  • Locke’s Social Contract (2022/10)
  • John Locke is the father of liberalism. Explain. (2018/20)
  • Comment on the assertion of Laslett that Filmer and not Hobbes was the main antagonist of Locke. (2013/15)
  • “The legal subordination of one sex to another is wrong in itself, and now one of the chief hindrances to human development.” (J. S. Mill). Comment. (2023/15)
  • S. Mill’s ideas on women suffrage. (2021/10)
  • Representative democracy . . . . means the people as a body must be able to control the general direction of government policy. (J. S. Mill). Comment. (2020/15)
  • John Stuart Mill is a ‘reluctant democrat”. – C. L. Wayper (2018/10)
  • All silencing of discussion is an assumption of infallibility. (J S Mill) (2014/10)
  • Marx’s concept of ‘alienation’ is an essential part of the reality in capitalism. Explain. (2021/15)
  • Discuss Karl Marx’s concept of class. (2020/15)
  • Differentiate between Freedom and Liberty. Discuss Marx’s notion of freedom. (2017/15)
  • Explain Marx’s understanding of Human Essence and Alienation. (2016/20)
  • Discuss the relationship between base and superstructure in Marxist theory. (2015/15)
  • Discuss in what sense Marx’s understanding of state can be considered as materialistic. (2013/15)
  • According to Gramsci, ‘hegemony is primarily based on the organisation of consent.’ Comment. (2019/20)
  • Gramsci’s concept of Hegemony. (2016/10)
  • Discuss Gramsci’s notion of ‘organic intellectuals’. (2015/15)
  • Explain, As per Gramsci, the distinction between hegemony and domination. (2013/15)
  • Critically examine Hannah Arendt’s conceptual triad of labour, work, and action. (2019/20)
  • Discuss Hannah Arendt’s analysis of the role of Ideology in modern totalitarian regimes. (2016/20)
  • Power is never the property of an individual; it belongs to a group and remains in existence only so long as the group keeps together, (Hannah Arendt) (2015/10).

PYQs on Indian Political Thinkers

Ancient Indian Political Thought
  • Dharmashastra presents a duty-centric worldview for individuals and communities. Comment. (2024/15)
  • Explain the sources of ancient Indian political thought. (2020/15)
  • Examine the significance of Dharma in ancient Indian political thought. (2013/15)
  • Discuss Kautilya’s views on the elements of the State. (2019/15)
  • What do you understand by the notion of statecraft? Discuss the theory of statecraft given by Kautilya. (2017/15)
  • Compare and contrast the views of Kautilya and Machiavelli on Statecraft. (2015/15)
  • Analyse, as per Kautilya, the Saptanga theory of the state. (2013/15)
  • Buddhist thought on Dhamma facilitates the emancipation of political action. Explain. (2023/20)
  • Do you think that the Buddhist traditions have lent greater ethical foundation to the ancient Indian political thought? Give your arguments. (2021/20)
  • Evaluate the contributions of Buddhist tradition to the Indian political thought. (2014/15)
  • Sri Aurobindo’s idea of Swaraj has deep significance in the Indian social, political, and cultural history. Analyze. (2023/15)
  • According to Sri Aurobindo, Swaraj is a necessary condition for India to accomplish its destined goal. (2017/10)
  • Discuss Sri Aurobindo’s views on Cultural Nationalism. (2016/20)
  • Nationalism is not a mere political programme but a way of life like religion. (Aurobindo Ghose) (2014/10)
  • Sri Aurobindo’s idea of freedom. (2013/10)
  • “When a nation becomes devoid of arts and learning, it invites poverty.” (Sir Syed Ahmad Khan). In the light of this statement, assess the role of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan as a in as a reformer in modern India. (2021/15).
  • Syed Ahmed Khan as a modernizer. (2013/10).
  • “The Panchayats with Gram Sabhas should be so organised as to identify the resources locally available for the development of agricultural and industrial sectors.” Examine the statement in the context of Gram Swaraj. (2022/15)
  • Explicate the ideological components of Gandhism. (2020/20)
  • K. Gandhi’s concept of Swaraj. (2019/10)
  • Examine Gandhi’s critique of Modernisation. (2016/15)
  • Gandhi’s Views on State. (2015/10)
  • Ambedkar’s ideas on constitutionalism (2020/10)
  • Discuss Ambedkar’s ideas on ‘annihilation of caste’. (2018/15)
  • Political democracy could not last unless social democracy lay at its base- B. R. Ambedkar. Comment. (2017/20)
  • B. R. Ambedkar’s idea of state socialism. (2016/10)
  • Examine Ambedkar’s critique of Marxism. (2013/15)
  • Manabendra Nath Roy’s political thought highlighted the humanistic aspects of Marxism. Discuss. (2024/15)

PYQs on Political Ideologies

Liberalism
  • Decline of Liberalism (2024/10)
  • The nature of relationship between equality of democratic citizenship and liberty of citizens is influenced by economic equality. Comment. (2024/15)
  • Cultural Relativism (2022/10)
  • Factors like community, culture and nation weaken the hegemony of neo-liberalism today. Discuss. (2022/20)
  • Liberalism as a revolutionary idea (2020/10)
  • End of Ideology debate. (2019/10)
  • Write a brief note on The End of History debate. (2017/15)
  • “The Political ideology of Globalization is Neo-liberalism.” Comment. (2016/20)
  • Explain Berlin’s notion of value pluralism. (2013/20)
  • Discuss the communitarian critique of liberalism. (2013/20)
  • Define Socialism. Discuss the salient features of Fabian Socialism. (2017/15)
  • Discuss the key features of pre-Marxist socialist theory. (2015/15)
  • Comment on the view that socialism in the 21st century may be reborn as anti-capitalism. (2014/20)
  • Marxism is a political theory of action demanding strict compliance with its core principles. Comment. (2024/15)
  • Revolution in Permanence (2022/10)
  • What is the contemporary relevance of Marxism? (2019/15)
  • Fascism displays an ambivalent stance towards parliamentary democracy. Explain. (2023/20)
  • “Nothing against the State, nothing over it, nothing beyond it.” Mussolini. (2018/10)
  • Examine the conception of the state in the ideologies of Fascism and Marxism. (2014/15)
  • Distinguish between liberal feminism and radical feminism. (2019/15)
  • Eco-feminism (2017/10)
  • Personal is Political. (2013/10)
  • Eurocentrism is both the target and the motive force of the post-colonial political theory. Discuss. (2023/15)
  • Post-Modernism (2017/10)
  • What do you understand by Multiculturalism? Discuss Bhikhu Parekh’s view on Multiculturalism. (2017/20)

PYQs on Political Theories

Political Theory- Meaning & Approaches
  • Behavioural approach to Political Science (2024/10)
  • Elucidate the meanings inherent in the term ‘political’ with appropriate illustrations. (2024/20)
  • Normative Approach in Political Science. (2023/10)
  • Decline of political theory (2023/10)
  • ‘Credo of Relevance’ in post-behaviouralism advocates the importance of action science. Analyze. (2023/15)
  • Systems Approach (2022/10)
  • Examine the importance of behavioural approach in political theory. What led to its decline? (2021/15)
    Discuss the significance of a normative approach to Political theory. (2020/15)
  • Resurgence of political theory. (2019/10)
  • Decline of Political Theory. (2018/10)
  • The Post-Behavioural Approach. (2016/10)
  • Discuss David Easton’s model of systems analysis. (2015/15)
  • “Political theory is not an escape mechanism but an arduous calling.” (John Plamanetz) (2014/10)
  • Pluralist theory of State (2024/10)
  • Success of contemporary democracies lies in the State limiting its own power. Explain. (2023/20)
  • Examine the liberal theory of state in contemporary politics. (2022/20)
  • Feminist critique of the State (2021/10)
  • Tools of legitimating of the State (2021/10)
  • Post-colonial theory of the state (2020/10)
  • Pluralist theory of the State. (2019/10)
  • Critically examine the neo-liberal theory of State. (2018/20)
  • Neo-liberal perspective of state (2017/10)
  • Discuss Feminist theory of the State. (2016/15)
  • “The implementation of human rights is regarded as a matter of changing the conduct of States.” (2016/15)
  • Examine the challenges to sovereignty of the State in the contemporary world. (2015/20)
  • Examine the conditions that are required for the maintenance of legitimacy in modern societies. (2014/15)
  • Rawls’ idea of the liberal self’ is too individualistic. Explain, in this context, the communitarian critique of Rawls’ theory of justice. (2023/15)
  • Ambedkar’s idea of social justice leads to ‘egalitarian justice’ as compared to the Rawls ‘justice as fairness’ which aims at the notion of ‘pure procedural justice.’ Comment. (2022/15)
  • Examine the entitlement theory of justice. (2022/15)
  • Affirmative Action (2021/10)
  • How has Rawls enriched the idea of justice in liberalism? (2021/20)
  • Make a comparative assessment of Greek perspective of Justice with the Rawlsian concept of Justice. (2020/20)
  • Examine communitarian perspectives on justice. (2019/15)
  • Distributive Justice (2018/10)
  • Analyse John Rawls justification of discrimination to achieve the goals of Justice. (2018/15)
  • Rawls’ theory of justice is both contractual and distributive. Examine. (2017/20)
  • Critically examine John Rawl’s argument for democratic equality. (2016/15)
  • Difference Principle* in Rawls’ Theory of Justice. (2015/10)
  • Explicate the conception of justice in the critiques of communitarian theorists. (2014/20)
  • Original position. (2013/10)
  • Affirmative Action Policies draw as much strong criticism as strong support. Analyze this statement in the context of equality. (2023/15)
  • “Equality of estates caused equality of power, and equality of power is liberty.” Comment. (2022/15)
  • Equality of opportunity (2020/10)
  • Equality means fair treatment rather than equal treatment. Comment. (2018/15)
  • Deliberative democracy seeks to promote democratic decision making about public issues among the citizens. Discuss. (2024/15)
  • Elitist theory of democracy denies the possibility of democracy as ‘rule of the people.’ Elucidate. (2022/15)
  • Free and fair deliberation is key to the foundation of democracy.” Explain. (2021/15)
  • Deliberative democracy (2019/10)
  • Substantive Democracy (2018/10)
  • Critically examine Macpherson’s views on Democracy. (2018/15)
  • Deliberative democracy does not have its salience without participation and participatory democracy does not have its credence without deliberation. Comment. (2017/15)
  • Affirmative Action (2016/10)
  • Explicate the features of Representative Democracy. (2016/15)
  • Difference between Participatory and Deliberative Democracy. (2015/10)
  • Explicate the features of deliberative democracy. (2014/15)
  • The debate on human rights is caught between the limitations of both universalism and cultural relativism. Comment. (2024/20)
  • Multicultural perspective on rights. (2023/10)
  • Human Rights are complex and contested social practices that organise relations between individuals, society and the state. Comment. (2022/15)
  • Can there be universal conception of human rights? Give your arguments. (2021/15)
  • Assess the significance of right to property in political theory. (2020/15)
  • Discuss the doctrine of ‘rights as trumps’. (2019/15)
  • What do you understand by three generations of Human Rights? (2018/20)
  • Idea of Natural Rights (2015/10)
  • Analyse the relationship between natural rights and human rights. (2013/20)
  • How is liberty a precondition for equality? Explicate the relationship between equality and liberty. (2014/15)
  • Compare negative and positive concepts of liberty. (2019/15)
  • Linkage between Power and Hegemony (2024/10)
  • Legitimacy adds positive value to political authority and obligation. Discuss. (2024/20)
  • Foucault’s concept of power (2023/10)
  • Bases of Power (2022/10)
  • Political ideology is primarily concerned with the allocation and utilization of Power.” Comment. (2021/15)
  • Examine the nature and meaning of power. (2020/15)
  • Explain the relationship between power, authority, and legitimacy. (2018/15)
  • Discuss the ‘crisis of legitimacy’ in capitalist societies. (Habermas) (2015/20)
  • Distinguish between Power and Authority. (2015/15)

PYQs on Strategies of Indian Freedom Struggle

Strategies of Indian Freedom Struggle
  • Explain briefly the role of Peasant Movements after 1857 and before independence. (2025/10)
  • Discuss the contribution of the Dalit struggle to establish egalitarianism in Indian society during freedom movement. (2024/20)
  • Comment: Satyagraha and Indian Nationalism. (2023/10)
  • Analyse the workers’ movement in India in the pre-Independence period. (2022/10)
  • Comment: Role of socialists in Indian National Movement (2020/10)
  • Trace the role of militant and revolutionary movements in Indian national movement. (2020/15)
  • National movement in India was anti-imperialist and increasingly radical in its socio-economic and political programmes. Discuss. (2019/20)
  • Comment: Revolt of 1857 is a ‘Sepoy Mutiny’ or ‘First War of Independence’. (2018/10)
  • The success of Mahatma Gandhi lay in transforming both political and non-political movements into a unified nationalist movement. (2017/10)
  • Differentiate Moderate Nationalism from Extremist/Militant Nationalism in terms of their objectives and means. (2017/15)
  • Comment: Satyagraha as a Strategy in the Indian National Movement. (2015/10)
  • Explain how peasant movements promoted nationalist ideas during the struggle for Indian Independence. (2014/15)
  • Write a note on the Dalit perspective of Indian National Movement. (2025/10)
  • Analyze the Marxist perspective of the nature of Indian National Movement. (2021/10)
  • Dalit perspective on Indian national movement. Discuss. (2019/10)
  • Critically examine the Radical Humanist perspective on Indian National Movement. (2016/10)
  • Comment: Marxist understanding of Indian freedom movement. (2013/10)

PYQs on Making & features of Constitution

Making of the Indian Constitution
  • Objective Resolution of the Constituent Assembly (2024/10)
  • Comment: Imprint of the British Constitution on the Indian Constitution. (2023/10)
  • The making of the Indian Constitution is described as an attempt towards ‘social revolution.’ Comment. (2022/15)
  • “The Constitution of India is a product of a historical process, rich with constitutional antecedents.” Comment. (2021/10)
  • “The Constitution makers faced the great task of forging a common national identity in the face of unparalleled social and cultural diversity in India.” Comment. (2021/10)
  • Mention the founding principles that define India’s Constitution. (2021/10)
  • Comment: Indian constitution makers’ concerns on social inequality. (2020/10)
  • Unity and integrity of India was perhaps the single uppermost factor in the minds of the Constitution makers. Comment. (2019/10)
  • Land reforms programmes led to some constitutional amendments. Comment. (2025/10)
  • Legal remedies in Part III of the Constitution of India (2024/10)
  • Constitutional morality in the Indian Constitution (2024/10)
  • How far do you agree that the Directive Principles of State Policy are more fundamental than the Fundamental Rights in meeting socio-economic justice as mentioned in the Preamble of the Constitution? (2024/20)
  • The main goal of the Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution is to generate civic responsibility among the citizens. Explain. (2023/15)
  • “Constitutionally reconciling the Fundamental Rights with the Directive Principles of State Policy has led to frequent amendments of the Constitution and judicial interventions.” Comment. (2021/20)
  • Comment: Right to constitutional remedies in India (2020/10)
  • Comment on the relevance of the Directive Principles of State Policy in an era of liberalization and globalization. (2019/15)
  • Comment: Right to privacy is an intrinsic part of the right to life. (2017/10)
  • Discuss the Right to Information and underline challenges being posed before it. (2016/15)
  • Discuss the ‘Right to Education* and the concerns raised by it. (2015/15)
  • Comment: Increasingly higher focus on Directive Principles of State Policy. (2014/10)
  • What are the provisions for constitutional protection of right to freedom of religion and how far have they succeeded in promoting secularism in India. (2014/15)
  • Analyse the significance of Article 32 of the Indian Constitution. (2013/15)
  • The Constitution of India is the ‘cornerstone of a nation’. (Granville Austin). Analyze. (2023/15)
  • The preamble of Indian Constitution reflects itself as a ‘social contract.’ Elucidate. (2022/10)
  • Underline the significance of the first constitutional amendment. (2021/10)
  • “The basic structure doctrine is implicit in the Indian Constitution; the Supreme Court has only given it an explicit form.” Comment. (2019/20)
  • Comment: Indian Constitution is a “Lawyers’ Paradise’. – Ivor Jennings (2018/10)
  • Comment: Article 368 does not enable Parliament to alter the basic structure or framework of the Constitution’. (2016/10)
  • Comment: The purpose of the 42nd Constitutional Amendment was to make the economic and social democracy explicitly visible. (2016/10)
  • Critically examine the provisions made in the Constitution for the protection of Environment. (2016/15)
  • Secularism in the Indian Constitution (2015/10)
  • 99th Amendment of the Indian Constitution. (2015/10)
  • In the light of neo-economic policies adopted since 1991, examine the relevance of the term ‘socialist’ in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution. (2015/20)
  • Comment: Significance of the Preamble. (2013/10)

PYQs on Organs of the Government

Executive and Legislature
  • Parliamentary Committees are a strong tool of Parliamentary Democracy. It provides for the opportunity for cross-pollination of ideas among members of the Parliament. Discuss. (2025/20)
  • Relevance of the Legislative Council (2024/10)
  • Legislative Council is a house without any effective powers. Comment. (2022/10)
  • The speaker represents the freedom and dignity of the House. Examine. (2022/15)
  • The role of the President of India becomes more significant during a minority government and a coalition government. Explain. (2021/15)
  • Has the thrust of government tilted towards executive in contemporary Indian Politics? Give your arguments. (2020/15)
  • Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) has emerged as the most powerful institution in India. Discuss. (2019/15)
  • Do the Lieutenant Governors have more powers than the Governors of the States? Explain. (2018/15)
  • Analyse the arguments in favour and against the lateral entry into higher civil services in India. (2018/15)
  • Differentiate parliamentary supremacy from parliamentary sovereignty. Would you consider the Indian Parliament as a Sovereign Parliament? Examine. (2017/20)
  • How is the President of India elected? Outline the salient characteristics of the electoral college of the Indian President. (2017/15)
  • Critically analyze the discretionary powers granted to the Governor by the Indian Constitution. (2015/15)
  • Comment: Decline of Indian Parliament. (2013/10)
  • Examine the constitutional provisions and nature of advisory jurisdiction of Supreme Court of India. Evaluate your answer with relevant examples. (2025/15)
  • Do you agree that over the years the Supreme Court has become a forum for policy evolution? Justify your answer. (2023/15)
  • The Doctrine of Basic Structure of the constitution has enhanced the power of judicial review of the Supreme Court. Examine. (2022/15)
  • Examine the evolution of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India as a Constitutional Court. (2021/15)
  • Comment: Judicial overreach in India (2020/10)
  • Whether judicial activism has undermined or strengthened Parliamentary Democracy in India? Discuss. (2018/20)
  • Judiciary has acquired the role of both, a legislature and an executive in recent years. Examine with suitable examples. (2017/20)
  • Discuss the efficacy of judicial review in India. (2015/20)
  • Examine the debates on the appointment procedure of judges to the higher judiciary in India. (2014/15)
  • Examine the role of Supreme Court as the final interpreter of the Indian Constitution. (2013/15)
  • Examine the significance of the verdicts of the Supreme Court in the Golaknath and Keshavananda Bharti cases for an understanding of the scope of Article 368 in regard to Fundamental Rights. (2013/20)

PYQs on Federalism

Federal Structure
  • The recent developments in Indian Politics has not eroded the true spirit of federalism in India. Critically examine this statement with the help of appropriate illustrations. (2025/15)
  • The decision to conduct Population Census-2027 has reopened the debate on delimitation in India. Discuss its various aspects. (2025/20)
  • Does the actual working of Indian federalism conform to the centralizing tendencies in Indian polity? Give reasons for your answer. (2023/20)
  • Do you think that there has been a gradual shift in the basis on which the demands for the creation of new States have been raised in different regions of India? Explain. (2021/15)
  • Comment: Mechanism for settling inter-state disputes (2020/10)
  • Does the functioning of the federalism in India tend to make it appear as a unitary state in practice? (2020/20)
  • Comment: Implementation of GST and NEET is a major challenge to Indian federalism. (2018/10)
  • Discuss asymmetrical federalism in India. (2018/15)
  • Comment: Indian federation has moved from cooperative federation to competitive federation. (2017/10)
  • The philosophy and administration of the distribution of powers between Centre and State is required to be re-assessed.  (2016/10)
  • Critically examine the role of Governor in recent times. (2016/15)
  • Comment: Cooperative Federalism in India (2015/10)
  • Identify the contested areas in Centre-State relations in India. (2015/15)
  • “Cooperative federalism produces a strong central, or general government, yet it does not necessarily result in weak provincial governments that are largely administrative agencies for central policies. Indian federation has demonstrated this.” (Granville Austin)
  • Examine the uniqueness of Indian federalism in the light of the above statement. (2013/20)

PYQs on Grassroot Democracy

Panchayats and Urban Local Bodies
  • Enunciate the impediments to women’s participation in local governance in the process of political decentralisation. (2025/20)
  • Gram Sabha in the Panchayati Raj system is a forum which gives expression to the collective wisdom, aspirations and the will of the people. Comment. (2024/15)
  • Comment: Functions of District Planning Committee (2023/10)
  • Discuss the major provisions of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act. Do you think that the Act remains an ‘unfulfilled dream’? Argue your case. (2023/20)
  • Examine the unique features of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment. Do you think this amendment would contribute in achieving the goal of empowerment of marginalised sections of the society? (2022/20)
  • Do you think that despite having significant limitations the Panchayati Raj institutions have strengthened the process of democratic decentralization? Give your views. (2021/15)
  • To what extent has 73rd and 74th amendments of the Indian Constitution enhanced women’s empowerment? (2020/15)
  • Political decentralization has not been matched by administrative decentralization at the grass roots level. Explain (2019/10)
  • Comment: New Panchayat Raj is an effective instrument for women empowerment. (2018/10)
  • Examine the provisions of Panchayat Extension Services Act (PESA), 1996. (2018/20)
  • Has the 73rd Constitutional Amendment empowered women in panchayats in India? Discuss. (2017/15)
  • The goal of good governance will be achieved only by strengthening the grass root level democracy. (2016/20)
  • Examine the role of Panchayati Raj Institutions and Urban Local Bodies in deepening of democracy in India. (2015/20)
  • Explain how the participation of women impacted the functioning of rural local bodies in India. (2014/15)
  • Examine the changing structure of Panchayati Raj institutions with special reference to the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act. (2013/15)

PYQs on Constitutional and Statutory Bodies

Constitutional and Statutory Bodies
  • How far has been the National Human Rights Commission successful in achieving its objectives? Comment. (2025/10)
  • There is a debate on the procedure for appointment of the Chief Election Commissioner and Election Commissioners to the Election Commission of India. Analyse its various aspects. (2025/15)
  • Explain the structure and functions of the National Commission for Women. (2024/15)
  • Comment: National Commission for Minorities. (2023/10)
  • How does NITI Aayog as a ‘policy think tank with shared vision’ visualize the reorganization of planning in India? Justify your answer. (2023/15)
  • How far is the National Commission for Backward Classes an empowered body? Assess the role in the context of rising demand for backwardness among dominant communities. (2022/10)
  • Discuss the composition and functions of the Inter-State Council. To what extent has this body been successful in achieving its objective. (2022/15)
  • The success of electoral democracy can partly be attributed to the status and role of the Election Commission of India.” Explain. (2021/15)
  • Examine the role and functioning of the Election Commission of India and the Comptroller and Auditor General in the last two decades. (2020/20)
  • Despite constitutional mandate the Inter-State Council has not come of age. Discuss. (2019/10)
  • The Comptroller and Auditor-General of India enhances the accountability of the Government and serves as the watchdog of the finances of the Government. Explain. (2019/15)
  • Discuss, in brief, the role of the National Commission for women. Do you think it is a toothless organization? (2019/15)
  • Examine the role of the National Commission for Minorities in preserving, promoting and protecting the rights of minorities in India. (2017/15)
  • Examine the objective and role of the National Human Rights Commission. (2016/15)
  • Comment: Structure and Function of NITI Aayog (2015/10)
  • Comment: The role of Comptroller and Auditor General of India in promoting good governance. (2014/10)
  • Discuss the working of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes to curb violence against Dalits. (2014/20)

PYQs on Planning and Economic Development

Planning and Economic Development
  • With reference to Nehruvian experience of planning and economic development, examine how the early phase of economic planning in India has laid the foundation for future development. (2025/15)
  • The legacy of the Planning Commission still has a bearing on India’s development policies. Discuss. (2024/15)
  • The blueprint of Gram Swaraj is the key to understand the Gandhian perspective on planning. Discuss. (2024/15)
  • Discuss the policy initiatives of the Fourteenth Finance Commission aimed towards promoting and strengthening agricultural development in India. (2022/15)
  • What explains India’s modest improvements in social development outcomes even as the rate of growth has accelerated since the initiation of economic reforms? (2021/15)
  • ‘Liberalisation of Indian Economy has not been accompanied with adequate reforms. Comment. (2020/15)
  • What has been the political fallout of the Green Revolution in India? Explain. (2019/15)
  • Examine the various causes of agrarian crisis in India. (2018/20)
  • Comment: In the post-liberalization era, Indian politics is moving from ascriptive politics to developmental politics. (2017/10)
  • What do you understand by Green Revolution? Do you think that a Second Green Revolution is needed to adequately address the agrarian challenges in contemporary India? Examine. (2017/15)
  • Critically examine the politics of Economic growth in India. (2016/20)
  • Land reforms have failed in the eradication of rural poverty. Comment. (2016/20)
  • Compare the Nehruvian and Gandhian models of development. (2015/15)
  • Comment: Gandhian perspective of development and its contemporary relevance. (2013/10)

PYQs on Caste, religion and Ethnicity

Caste, Religion and Ethnicity
  • Caste remains a vital axis for political mobilisation in India. How would the caste census address the aspirations of people? Discuss. (2025/15)
  • “Relative deprivation is a major source of ethnic conflict.” Elaborate the statement with relevant examples. (2024/15)
  • The rise of caste politics is to be attributed to both regional aspirations and electoral manifestations. Comment. (2023/20)
  • Electoral behaviour of voters is governed more by the social and economic factors than the political factors. Explain. (2022/20)
  • Ethnicity is the underlying cause which poses a great challenge in the resolution of the problems in the North-East region of India. Comment. (2022/20)
  • Explain how caste as a social category is also becoming a political category in the democratic politics of India. (2021/15)
  • Examine the role of religion in Indian Electoral Politics in the contemporary times. (2020/15)
  • Development has overshadowed the influence of caste in electoral behaviour in recent elections. Discuss. (2019/20)
  • Critically examine the ethnic conflicts in North-East India. (2018/15)
  • Religion is still an important factor in Indian politics. Discuss. (2017/15)
  • Cultural and Regional differences are the enduring bases on which politics is played out in India. (2016/10)
  • Comment on the emergence of Backward classes in the Indian Politics. (2016/15)
  • “Identity politics has trumped development politics in India.” Comment. (2015/15)
  • Comment: Relation between ethnicity and democracy in India. (2014/10)
  • Explain the phenomenon of ethnic politics in India in recent times. (2013/20)

PYQs on Party System and Pressure Groups

Party System and Pressure Groups:
  • Illustrate with examples how regional parties in India have played a crucial role in drawing the historically disadvantaged groups into the mainstream political system. (2025/15)
  • Critically assess the role of pressure groups in the decision-making process of the government. (2024/15)
  • The decade 1989-1999 has created an epochal shift in the Indian party system at the national level. Identify the major national trends in the party system during this era. (2023/15)
  • How far is it correct that the regional parties have strengthened Indian democracy and federal system? Substantiate your answer with suitable examples. (2022/15)
  • “The Indian party system is shaped by a complex interaction of the country’s federal structure, electoral system and social cleavages.” Explain. (2021/20)
  • To what extent has the inadequate intra-party democracy affected the functioning of Indian Democracy? (2020/20)
  • The changing socio-economic profile of our legislators does not augur well for the health of Indian democracy. Comment. (2019/15)
  • Political personalities are more significant than political parties in India. (2018/10)
  • Explain the increasing role of regional political parties in the national politics. (2018/15)
  • State subvention/funding may be an effective instrument in strengthening electoral democracy in India. (2017/10)
  • India has moved from ‘one-party dominant system’ to ‘one-party led coalition’. Discuss. (2017/20)
  • Discuss the pattern of Political Parties from one dominant party system to coalition politics in national politics. (2016/15)
  • Account for the rise of regional political parties and assess their role in contemporary India. (2015/15)
  • Comment: Marginalization of the left ideology in India. (2014/10)
  • Explain how pressure groups have been influencing public policy-making with suitable illustrations. (2014/20)
  • Discuss the nature of reforms of the electoral process in India and explain the further scope for reforms. (2014/20)
  • Account for the changes in the socio-economic profile of legislators during last one decade in India. (2014/15)
  • Explain to what extent the concept of “one-party dominance (W.H.Morris-Jones)” model is relevant in Indian politics today? (2013/15)
  • Analyse the position of the Prime Minister of India in a coalition regime. (2013/15)

PYQs on Social Movements

Social Movements
  • Women’s role in anti-arrack movement (2024/10)
  • Discuss the role of environmental movements in shaping the environmental governance in India. (2024/20)
  • Comment: Environmentalism of the poor (2023/10)
  • Ambedkar’s clarion call, “Educate, Agitate and Organize”, strategizes the Dalit movement towards achieving civil liberty. Discuss. (2023/15)
  • High concentration of economic activities and consumption patterns in post-liberalisation period has led to the failure of environmental movements in India. Elucidate. (2022/10)
  • Examine the nature of the civil liberty movement in India. (2020/15)
  • Write short note on the significance of Chipko Movement. (2019/10)
  • Critically analyse the environmentalist movement in Tuticorin, Tamil Nādu. (2018/15)
  • Comment: The dilemmas of Human Rights movements in India. (2014/10)
  • Examine the scope and limitations of women’s movements in India. (2014/15)
  • Compare and contrast Chipko Movement and Narmada Bachao Andolan. (2013/10)
  • Point out and comment on the historic importance of the document ‘Towards Equality (1974)’, for women’s movement in India. (2013/15)

PYQs on Comparative Politics

Comparative Politics
  • Discuss the interpretive approach to the study of comparative politics. (2024/10)
  • What are the crucial functions of empirical political theory in Comparative Politics? (2023/10)
  • What are the difficulties faced by a political theorist in comparing the States? (2023/10)
  • Discuss the main limitations of the comparative method to the study of Political Science. (2022/10)
  • Discuss the political economy approach to the comparative analysis of politics. (2021/10)
  • Discuss the subject matter of comparative politics. Outline the limitations of comparative political analysis. (2020/10)
  • Examine the significance of the comparative method in political analysis. Discuss its limitations. (2019/20)
  • Describe the changing nature of Comparative Politics. Briefly explain the Political Economy approach to the study of Comparative Politics. (2018/10)
  • Explain the Political-Sociological Approach in the field of comparative politics and discuss its limitations. (2017/10)
  • Critically examine the Marxist aspect of political economy approach to the study of comparative politics. (2016/10)
  • Which are the major approaches of comparative politics? Explain in brief, the political economy approach to the study of comparative inquiry. (2015/10)
  • What are the distinctive features of the post-modern state in the advanced capitalist economies? Analyse. (2024/15)
  • How does democratic politics construct citizenship? (2023/10)
  • “The post-colonial state was thought of an entity that stood outside and above society as an autonomous agency.” Explain. (2021/20)
  • The modernization thesis asserts that affluence breeds stable democracy. How do you explain the success of India being the world’s largest democracy as an exceptional case? (2021/20)
  • Write an essay on ‘New Social Movements in developing countries. (2019/15)
  • Is democracy promotion in developing countries a feasible idea? (2019/15)
  • Describe the changing nature of the State in the developing societies in the context of inclusive growth in the 21st century. (2018/10)
  • Do you subscribe to the view that the modern constructs of the State and politics are pre-eminently Eurocentric and not indigenous and appropriate for the analysis of non-western societies? (2015/10)
  • Critically examine the role of political parties in sustaining and stabilising democracies in the developing societies.(2024/15)
  • Discuss the major recent social movements related to the physical rights of women in various countries of the world.(2024/20)
  • How has the electoral democracy augmented the participation of people in the democratic process? (2022/20)
  • Discuss the role of social movements in strengthening the democratic processes in developing societies. (2022/15)
  • “Political parties and pressure groups are sine qua non of democracy.” Comment. (2021/10)
  • Explain the impact of electoral systems and cleavages in shaping party systems with reference to developing countries. (2021/20)
  • Analyze the contribution of liberal democratic principles in the democratization of Indian polity. (2020/10)
  • Has the increased participation of the underprivileged in the political process of the developing societies strengthened democracy or created political chaos and conflict? Comment. (2020/10)
  • Explain the reasons for low voter turnout in democratic countries with suitable examples. (2019/15)
  • How big a role does identity play in determining political participation in the developing countries? Discuss your answer with suitable illustrations. (2018/10)
  • Examine the LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender) movement: in developed societies and how it is affecting the political participation in developing societies. (2017/10)
  • Comment on the decline of political parties and examine whether slew social movements shall be alternative strategy for establishing link between government and society. (2016/10)
  • Do interest groups help to promote democracy or to undermine it? Give your opinion. (2016/15)
  • What is the difference between Interest Groups and Pressure Groups? Are the Pressure Groups in India in a position to fully protect or promote the interests of their members? (2015/10)
  • ‘The struggle for democracy has been marked by bitter strife and tribulations.’ Examine the statement, illustrating the cases of Pakistan, Nepal and Myanmar. (2015/20)
  • Party system in India is neither western nor indigenous. Explain. (2014/10)
  • In what respect is the new social movement new in nature? Discuss. (2014/10)
  • Compare and contrast social movements in advanced industrial and developing societies. (2013/20)
  • Is the rise of social movement a sign of opening up of popular space in political process or decline of representative politics? (2013/20)

PYQs on Globalization

Globalization
  • “Deglobalisation is displacing globalisation.” Comment. (2024/20)
  • Critically examine the impact of Globalisation on the developing countries of the world. (2023/20)
  • What are the main challenges faced by the developing countries in the era of globalisation? (2022/10)
  • What is globalisation? Why is there an intense debate about globalisation and its consequences?  (2021/15)
  • Critically examine the impact of the process of globalization from the perspective of the countries of the Global South. (2020/10)
  • Explain the relevance of the Marxist approach in the context of globalization. (2019/20)
  • “Some feel Multinational Corporations (MNCs) are a vital new road to economic growth, whereas others feel they perpetuate underdevelopment.” Discuss. (2018/15)
  • Critically examine the Globalisation in the past 25 years from the perspectives of the Western world. (2017/10)
  • American President: Donald Trump’s proposal to withdraw from the ‘NAFTA’ would bring unforeseen consequences to the regionalisation of world politics. Elaborate. (2017/10)
  • How has the development of Global capitalism changed the nature of socialist economies and developing societies? (2017/15)
  • How has ‘BREXIT’ affected the regionalisation process initiated by European Union and what could be its likely impacts in the regionalisation process of world politics? (2017/15)
  • Discuss the impact of globalization on the internal functioning of the state. (2016/10)
  • “The IMF, World Bank, G-7, GATT and other structures are designed to serve the interests of TNCs, banks and investment firms in a ‘new imperial age’.” Substantiate with examples of governance of new world order. (2016/20)
  • Is globalization essentially a process of ‘universalisation’ of capitalist modernity? (2015/10)
  • How is it that economic and neo-liberal globalization is being interrogated from inside even in developed countries? What are the economic consequences of such globalization? (2015/15)
  • What is ‘global village’? Elaborate its main characteristics and also the factors that contributed to its growth. (2014/15)

PYQs on Theories of International Relations

Approaches to the study of International Relations
  • Explain the various facets of the idealist approach to the study of international relations. Comment on its contemporary relevance. (2024/10)
  • “The Gramscian theory of hegemony provides many valuable insights into the nature of global power.” Comment. (2024/20)
  • In what ways does the functionalist approach in International Relations help in maintaining peace and order in global politics? (2023/15)
  • What do you mean by offensive and defensive realism? (2023/15)
  • Discuss the commonalities between the Marxist and Realist approaches to the study of International Politics. (2022/10).
  • What is the realist prescription to the States to ensure their survival in an anarchical world? (2022/15)
  • “Marxist approach to the study of international relations has lost its relevance in the post-cold war era.” Comment. (2021/10)
  • Discuss the emergence of neo-realism and its basic tenets. (2021/15)
  • What is ‘complex interdependence’? Discuss the role of transnational actors in the international system. (2021/15)
  • What are the core assumptions of idealism as an approach to study International Relations? Explain its continuing relevance in peace building. (2020/10)
  • Bring out the major differences between the Classical Realism of Hans Morgenthau and the Neorealism of Kenneth Waltz. (2018/10)
  • Critically examine the Functionalist approach to the study of International Relations. (2018/15)
  • Give an assessment of the Feminist critique of contemporary global issues. (2017/10)
  • Examine the World System Approach as developed by Emmanuel Wallerstein. (2017/15)
  • Is Realist Approach the best method to understand International Relations? Examine this in the context or Classical Realism. (2017/20)
  • Critically examine the functional and system approaches to the study of international relations, (2016/10)
  • Identify the major differences between the classical realism of Hans J. Morgenthau and the neorealism of Kenneth Waltz. Which approach is best, suited for analysing international relations after the Cold War? (2015/10)
  • Do you endorse that the conventional discourse on human rights has failed to include women’s rights? Explain in the context of feminist theories. (2015/20)
  • “The Feminist approach to international politics is biased.” Comment. (2014/10)
  • “Morton A. Kaplan’s system theory is contrary to the fundamental precepts of systems approach.” Comment. (2014/15)
  • How do you explain the growing importance of multi-national corporations (MNCs) and civil society in contemporary international politics? (2014/20)
  • Discuss the main factors that have contributed to the gradual transformation of the world from ‘Billiard Ball Model’ to ‘Cobweb Model’. (2014/15)
  • Examine major principles of State centric world views. (2013/20)
  • How does Marxist approach explain contemporary International Relations? (2013/15)
  • Write a note on Intellectual precursors of Realism. (2013/15)
  • ‘Building ‘peace by pieces’ is the basis of functionalism’. Elaborate. (2013/15)
  • ‘Transnational actors have become driving forces of global politics.” Elaborate. (2013/20)
  • ‘A minimal State ensures maximum of Individual Liberty’. Examine the concept of Minimal State. (2013/15)
  • Explain the central tenets of the World-Systems Theory. (2024/10)
  • Bipolar structure of the world is more stable than the multipolar one. Comment. (2022/10)
  • National Interest is an essentially contested concept. Comment. (2022/10)
  • Discuss the conceptual dimensions of collective security. (2022/15)
  • Explain the concept of balance of power. What are the various techniques of maintaining balance of power? (2020/20)
  • Discuss the utility of Nuclear Deterrence Theory in the context of the recent standoff between India and Pakistan. (2019/10)
  • What, according to Joseph Nye, are the major sources of a country’s soft power? Discuss its relevance in the contemporary world politics. (2018/10)
  • Why does global human security need to be emphasized along with economic security? Explain with examples. (2016/20)
  • Explain the instruments and methods devised for the promotion of national interest. (2016/20)
  • “The notion of balance of power is notoriously full of confusion.” In the light of this quotation, do you think that the concept of balance of power is relevant? (2016/15)
  • Discuss the theory of Nuclear Deterrence. Did Nuclear Deterrence prevent a superpower war? (2015/15)
  • Critically assess the changing nature of the concept of national security. (2014/15)
  • What roles do norms, taboos and epistemic play in the context of nuclear proliferation? (2013/20)
  • ‘National Interests are Dynamic’. Identify the dynamic nature of National Interests in the contemporary world polities with suitable examples. (2013/15)
  • ‘Collective Security and Collective Defence are the institutional and State mechanism to sustain the domination of powers that be in international politics.’ Elaborate. (2013/15)

PYQs on United Nations and its bodies

United Nations and its bodies
  • What is the structure and functions of International Court of Justice? (2023/10)
  • Discuss the structure and functions of UN Security Council. (2023/10)
  • Describe the composition of the International Court of Justice (ICJ). Discuss its voluntary jurisdiction. (2022/15)
  • What measures have been undertaken by the United Nations for its reforms? (2021/10)
  • Enumerate the challenges in the operation of the principles related to collective security in the UN Charter. (2020/15)
  • Discuss the significance and urgency of the UN Security Council reforms. Explain the relevance of the reform proposals made by the UN Secretary General António Guterres for the developing countries. (2020/20)
  • Examine the role of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and other major efforts by the UN to address the global environmental crisis. (2020/15)
  • In what way does the predominance of the USA in the UN funding affect its decision-making? (2019/10)
  • Evaluate the role of the International Court of Justice in inter-State disputes. (2019/15)
  • Discuss the relevance of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on the security of women in conflict zones. (2018/20)
  • Do you agree with the view that despite the limitations in the functioning of the UN, it has distinguished and unique achievements to its credit? (2017/15)
  • Do you endorse that the United Nations needs major changes in its structures and functioning? Suggest the changes for efficient improvements. (2016/15)
  • What are the real objectives of Millennium Development Goals (MDG)? Do you think that millennium development goals have been able to achieve the desired goals of poverty alleviation and sustainable development? (2015/15)
  • Has the reform of the economic and social arrangements of the United Nations been effective? (2015/20)
  • Do you agree that the U.N. has failed to contain transnational terrorism? Elaborate your answer with examples. (2014/10)
  • Argue a case for U.N. reform in the context of changing global milieu. (2014/20)

PYQs on Cold War

Cold War
  • The expansionist tendencies of the current Russian regime indicate its intentions for the realisation of a Greater Russia on the lines of the Soviet era. Comment. (2024/10)
  • Examine in brief the rise and fall of the Cold War. (2016/15)
  • Discuss the collapse of the Soviet Union and its impact on international politics. (2015/15)
  • Who was Mr. ‘X’ in international politics? Elaborate his approach to foreign policy. (2014/15)

PYQs on Non-Aligned Movement

Non-Aligned Movement
  • Discuss the relevance of the normative ethos of the Non-Aligned Movement in magnifying India’s soft power in pursuit of her national interest. (2023/20)
  • “During the Cold War, the Non-Aligned Movement tried to become a “Third force’ in World Politics, but failed because it was too large and unwieldy.” Discuss. (2023/20)
  • Discuss the ways to strengthen the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) to enable it to address the challenges faced by the developing countries. (2020/20)
  • Write a brief note on the 17th NAM Summit in Venezuela. (2019/10)
  • Discuss the significance of Non-Aligned Movement as a unique contribution of the Non-Western world to World Politics. (2018/20)
  • Do you endorse the view that the end of Bipolarity and the rise of multiple regional organisations has made Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) more or less irrelevant? (2017/15)

PYQs on Regionalisation of World Politics

Regionalisation of World Politics
  • What were the limitations of NAFTA? How did its replacement by the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement counter them? Explain. (2024/15)
  • The return of trade barriers and economic sanctions has diminished the spirit of GATT. In this context, discuss the factors contributing to the decline of WTO in recent times. (2024/15)
  • Do you agree with the view that the EU has thus far proved to be the most successful experiment in the regional integration processes? Account for its successes and also some of the recent challenges that it is faced with. (2024/15)
  • Account for the rise of European Union as a highly influential regional organisation. (2023/15)
  • Identify and evaluate the reasons for deadlock in the WTO negotiations on fisheries between the developing and developed countries. (2022/20)
  • The Russian-Ukraine crisis has cast a dark shadow on the energy needs of the member states of the European Union (EU). Comment. (2022/15)
  • Explain the success of ASEAN as a regional organisation. (2021/15)
  • Explain India’s relations with the European Union in the context of Brexit. (2021/15)
  • Critically evaluate the role of the United States of America in the World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement mechanism and its implications for the future of the WTO. (2020/15)
  • Critically analyze the role of ASEAN in the promotion of regional peace and security through economic cooperation and trade. (2020/15)
  • “Since its inception the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) has failed to deliver on its promises.” What initiatives should be taken to reinvigorate the organization? (2018/15)
  • Discuss the changing nature of modem state with reference to transnational actors. (2017/15)
  • How does the regionalism shape the world politics? Explain with examples. (2016/15)
  • How far are the world governance mechanisms, dominated by IMF and World Bank, legitimate and relevant? What measures do you suggest to improve their effectiveness in global governance? (2015/15)
  • ‘The European Union has become, the most politically influential, economically powerful and demographically diverse regional entity in the world.’ Discuss. (2015/15)
  • “Despite so many agreed areas of cooperation, innumerable institutional mechanisms and a permanent secretariat, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) has not taken off as a meaningful regional grouping.” Discuss. (2014/20)
  • Substantiate APEC as a regional economic and trade arrangement. (2013/15)
  • Give reasons for Regionalism of world politics. (2013/15)

PYQs on Changing International Political Order

Changing International Political Order
  • Discuss the various constraints on American hegemony today. Which of these are likely to become more prominent in the future? (2023/15)
  • Critically examine the rise of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) as a great power and its implications on Asian Political order. (2022/20)
  • Critically examine the decline of the United States of America as a hegemon and its implications for the changing international political order. (2021/15)
  • Critically analyze the implications of Sino-American strategic rivalry for the South and South-East Asian region.  (2020/15)
  • Identify the benefits of a multi-polar world. (2019/15)
  • How are the rising powers challenging the USA and Western dominance in the IMF and the World Bank? (2019/20)
  • Discuss the consequences of Trump’s “America First” and Xi’s “Chinese Dream” on World Politics. (2018/15)
  • Identify the challenges to American hegemony in post-Soviet world. (2013/10)
  • Sketch the journey of global political economy from Washington consensus to the present. (2013/10)
  • Identify the major changes in the International Political economy in post-Cold War period. (2013/15)

PYQs on Contemporary Global Concerns

Contemporary Global Concerns
  • The changing global order and ongoing regional conflicts, with the global powers taking sides, have jeopardised the progress made towards disarmament in the past. Comment. (2024/10)
  • Do you agree with the view that the USA uses NATO as a traditional tool of strategy to perpetuate its hegemony in the world? (2024/15)
  • How does the regime change and political crisis in Myanmar threaten regional security and peace? (2023/15)
  • Narrate the various ways in which rapid environmental degradation is posing a serious threat to human security. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples. (2023/15)
  • Discuss the efficacy of global conventions to combat international terrorism. (2022/15)
  • Discuss the five proposals made by India in the recent COP-26 conference held in Glasgow. (2021/10)
  • Explain the significance and importance of the demand raised by the developing countries for a New International Economic Order (NIEO). Are they likely to achieve their objectives of NIEO in foreseeable future? (2020/15)
  • Do you think that sustainable development goals are really attainable by 2030? (2019/10)
  • Discuss the importance of personal data protection in the context of human rights. (2019/15)
  • Would you agree that the on-going debates on international environmental politics continue to be marred by a new North-South ideological divide over historical responsibility and developmental model? Illustrate your answer with suitable examples. (2018/15)
  • Critically examine the notion of “Asian Values” in the context of the on-going debates on human rights. (2018/20)
  • Discuss the implications of the Trump-Kim Singapore Summit on the prospects of denuclearisation of the Korean Peninsula. (2018/15)
  • “The development or advanced missile technology and nuclear threat by North Korea has challenged the American hegemony in South-East Asia.” Evaluate the above statement in the context of recent developments in the region. (2017/20)
  • The recent move of USA to withdraw from the Paris climate Agreement is a setback in the consensus achieved on protecting the world environment. In this context, assess the future prospective on climate control. (2017/20)
  • “A combination of internal pressures (ethnic and regional forces) and external threats (EU, UN, TNC, global market, etc) has produced what is commonly referred to as a ‘crisis of the nation-state’.” Elaborate. (2016/10)
  • Discuss the evolution of non-proliferation of nuclear weapons in the post-Cold War period. (2016/15)
  • “Ukraine crisis is a product of power politics and geo-politics.” Comment. (2014/10)
  • Critically evaluate the approaches of global south towards addressing environment concerns. (2014/15)
  • What does the pace of nuclear proliferation in post-Cold War suggest? (2013/10)
  • State the place of Gender Justice in global agenda. (2013/10)
  • “Global commons belong to global society and requires global attention”. Comment. (2013/10)
  • Compare and Contrast Sino-India approaches to global Environmental concerns. (2013/15)
  • Identify the role and place of Gender in the global economy. (2013/15)
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